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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 49(5): 593-601, Sept.-Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-798118

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is an endemic disease in many regions of Brazil; however, only few reports on the actual epidemiological conditions are available. Here, we aimed to assess the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of ATL patients and their treatment in the 15th Regional Health Division of Paraná State, Maringá, Brazil. METHODS This epidemiological study included patients diagnosed with ATL from January 2010 to September 2014, from the 15th Regional Health Division database. RESULTS A total of 220 cases aged 3-84 years (85% male and 60.9% with up to 8 years of schooling) were included. The cases were classified as having the cutaneous form (n=183; 83.2%), mucosal form (n=26; 11.8%), mucocutaneous form (n=11; 5%), and relapses (n=21; 9.6%). Diagnosis was made via laboratory test results in 197 (89.5%) patients, and 172 (78.2%) completed the treatment within the study period. With regard to patients with the cutaneous form, 134 (95%) were cured, 131 (97.8%) were treated with Glucantime(r), and 47 (36.7%) received dosage of >15 and <20mg Sb5+/kg/day. Among the cases with mucosal involvement, 87.1% were cured and most were treated with <20mg Sb5+/kg/day. Thus, the cure rate was 93.6%. CONCLUSIONS During the study period in the 15th Regional Health Division of Paraná State, ATL cases had a good response to treatment with a low rate of relapse or treatment failure, although a high percentage of mucosal or mucocutaneous form cases was also noted.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/classification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Endemic Diseases , Educational Status , Middle Aged
2.
Rio de Janeiro; Editora Fiocruz; 2014. 511 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-744986

ABSTRACT

No Brasil, ela já foi responsável por epidemias em diferentes cidades. Nos últimos dez anos, sua letalidade aumentou em diversas regiões do país. Em várias partes do mundo ela vem se expandindo, inclusive em lugares onde, anteriormente, não havia registro de transmissão. A infecção por parasitos do gênero Leishmania causa uma das doenças tropicais mais negligenciadas da atualidade. Estima-se que existam 350 milhões de pessoas em risco de contrair a infecção, sobretudo nas áreas mais pobres do planeta, e que dois milhões de novos casos de leishmanioses ocorram a cada ano. Esse grave cenário justifica o esforço empreendido pelos organizadores e demais pesquisadores do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz) especialistas no assunto, assim como por profissionais de outras unidades da Fiocruz e instituições brasileiras: eles prepararam uma coletânea que compila o conhecimento já existente sobre o assunto, identifica os principais desafios e discute estratégias para enfrentá-los...


Subject(s)
Humans , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/classification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/metabolism , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/therapy , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/transmission , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/prevention & control
3.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2013. xviii,59 p. tab, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-762483

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o estado nutricional de pacientes adultos e idosos com leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA). Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal em 68 pacientes adultos e idosos com LTA atendidos no Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses – Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas – Fiocruz, no período de 2009 a 2012. A avaliação nutricional foi realizada através do peso, altura, Índice de Massa Corporal e albumina sérica. A evolução clínica(epitelização e cicatrização das lesões) foi avaliada até dois anos após o tratamento de LTA. A maioria da amostra era composta por homens (71%), adultos (73%), com renda familiar de 1 a 5salários mínimos (79%) e com grau de instrução fundamental incompleto (48,5%). A forma predominante da LTA foi a cutânea (72%) e 39% apresentaram comorbidades, sendo a hipertensão arterial a mais frequente (30,8%). As intercorrências clínicas e nutricionais mais prevalentes foram:redução recente na ingestão de alimentos (23,9%), obstrução nasal (22,1%), úlcera oral (14,7%),anorexia + disfagia (13,2% cada) e odinofagia (10,3%). O tempo de cicatrização foi de 145,50 ±87,84 dias para lesões cutâneas e 172,89 ± 123 dias para lesões mucosas. Foram observados baixo peso em 10% e hipoalbuminemia em 12% dos pacientes...


The objective of this study is to describe the nutritional status of adult and elderly patients with American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL). It was conducted a longitudinal study in 68 adult andelderly patients with ATL treating at the Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses (Surveillance Leishmaniasis Laboratory) at the Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas (Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute)-Fiocruz, from 2009 to 2012. The nutritional assessment was performedusing weight, height, the Body Mass Index (BMI) and blood albumin levels. The clinical evolution(epithelialization, and wound healing) was measured up to two years after ATL treatment. Most ofthe sample was composed of men (71%), adults (73%), with household income of 1-5 minimumwages (79%), and incomplete basic education (48.5%). The predominant ATL form was cutaneous(72%), and 39% presented comorbidities, the most frequent was hypertension (30.8%). The most prevalent clinical and nutritional events were: recent reduction in food intake (23.9%); nasal obstruction (22.1%); oral ulcer (14.7%), anorexia + dysphagia (13.2% each) and odynophagia(10.3%). The healing time was 145.50 ± 87.84 days for skin lesions, and 172.89 ± 123 days formucous membrane lesions. Low weight in 10%, and hypoalbuminemia in 12% of the patients havebeen observed...


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/classification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/classification , Malnutrition , Amphotericin B/administration & dosage , Pentamidine/administration & dosage
4.
Neotrop. entomol ; 36(4): 593-596, July-Aug. 2007. graf, mapas, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-464624

ABSTRACT

Com o objetivo de conhecer a diversidade de flebotomíneos da fazenda São José, município de Carmo, Rio de Janeiro, foram realizadas capturas no intra, peridomicílio e na floresta, tendo em vista o registro do primeiro caso autóctone de leishmaniose tegumentar americana. Foram capturados 4595 flebotomíneos de seis espécies do gênero Lutzomyia: L. intermedia (Lutz & Neiva), L. lenti (Mangabeira), L. whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho), L. migonei (França), L. ayrozai (Barretto & Coutinho) e L. quinquefer (Dyar). L. intermedia foi predominante (99,1 por cento); com alta freqüência entre 18:00h e 20:00h.


Captures of sand flies were carried out in peridomiciliary, domiciliary and forest environments on São José farm, located in Carmo county where an autochthonous case of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis occurred to investigate the probable vector of the disease. A total of 4.595 sand flies belonging to six species of the genus Lutzomyia were captured: L. intermedia (Lutz & Neiva), L. lenti (Mangabeira), L. whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho) L. migonei (França), L. ayrozai (Barretto & Coutinho) andL. quinquefer (Dyar). L. intermedia was the predominant species (99.1 percent), its highest frequencies occurring between 6 p.m. and 8 p.m.


Subject(s)
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/classification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/transmission , Psychodidae/pathogenicity , Diptera , Psychodidae
5.
Dermatol. argent ; 6(5): 350-4, oct.-nov. 2000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-288676

ABSTRACT

Presentamos nuestra experiencia en leishmaniasis cutánea americana en la infancia, a través de un importante número de pacientes que fueron examinados en el Servicio de Piel del Hospital Materno Infantil de Salta, provenientes del norte de nuestra provincia, Jujuy y Yacuiba (Bolivia). Las edades de los niños oscilaban entre los primeros meses y los 14 años. Destacamos las diversas formas clínicas que presentaban en su inicio, por su fácil confusión con cuadros de tiña corporis, eccemas, impétigo, etc., como así también las formas cutáneomucosa y mucosa primitiva por lo infrecuente de las mismas. Nos parece importante hacer nuestro aporte sobre leishmaniasis en la infancia, dada la escasa bibliografía existente sobre el tema, proponiendo una clasificación, según las formas clínicas de presentación


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Leishmania braziliensis/drug effects , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/classification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Leishmania/drug effects
6.
Bol. Dir. Malariol. Saneam. Ambient ; 39(1): 21-7, ene.jun. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-277672

ABSTRACT

En este estudio evaluamos la condición de leishmaniasis cutánea en casos procedendes de un área endémica de leishmaniasis en el estado Mérida, Venezuela. Los pacientes fueron diagnósticados de acuerdo al criterio clínico, parasitológico y mediante una prueba específica basada en la reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR), para detectar infección por Leishmaniasis braziliensis en 19 pacientes distribuidos en tres grupos familiares, los cuales mostraron reacción de Montenegro positiva y anticuerpos anti-Leishmania con niveles entre 1:128 y 1:6400, utilizando las reacciones de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFAT) y ELISA. Siete casos del grupos familiar GA mostraron 1,2,3,4 y 5 lesiones con tamaño promedio de 32 x 17 mm de diámetro, en la cara (50 por ciento), brazos (25 por ciento) y piernas (25 por ciento). Cinco casos del segundo grupo familiar (GB), mostraron 2,3,4 y 6 lesiones por diámetro promedio de 29 x 21 mm sobre la cara (50 por ciento), cuello (33 por ciento) y pie (17 por ciento). Cinco casos del tercer grupo familiar (GC) mostraron 2,15,27,30 y 60 lesiones cutáneas de tamaño promedio de 27 x 35 mm, distribuidas en todas partes del cuerpo. Los amastigotes de Leishmaniasis fueron detectados en 12 (70,6 por ciento) frotis de lesiones coloreados con Giemsa, en 15 (88,23 por ciento) y en 17 (99,99 por ciento) secciones histológicas coloreadas con Giamsa-Colofonio (GC) e inmunotinción. Los grupos GB y GC incluyeron un caso cada uno sin manifestaciones clínicas aparentes, con reacción de Montenegro de 17 x 13 mm de diámetro, anticuerpos anti-Leishmania séricos positivos y DNA de Leishmania en las muestras de suero. La PCR mostró L.braziliensis en la sangre de los casos cutáneos activos y en casos sin manifestaciones clínicas aparentes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Azure Stains , Endemic Diseases/classification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/classification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis
7.
Arch. argent. dermatol ; 49(2): 73-9, mar.-abr. 1999. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-240605

ABSTRACT

Desde 1972 a 1997 hemos detectado 302 enfermos con leishmaniasis americana; 64 casos (21,19 por ciento) corresponden a la infancia. El diagnóstico se basó en la clínica, estudios parasitológicops. Prevalencia del sexo masculino con 54,69 por ciento y en las formas clínicas, las cutáneas puras representan el 93,75 por ciento. Consideramos a los antimoniales pentavalentes como la droga de elecciín para el tratameinto de esta enfermedad. En la actulidad la leishmaniasis americana constituye un serio problema de alto contenido social, médico y sanitario por los desmontes que se relaizan en el norte de nuestra provincia


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Antimony Sodium Gluconate/administration & dosage , Antimony Sodium Gluconate/therapeutic use , Argentina , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/classification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies
8.
Dermatol. venez ; 36(3): 113-7, 1998. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-263233

ABSTRACT

La leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana (LTA) es una enfermedad producida por parásitos del género Leishmania los cuales son transmitidos a través de la picadura de un insecto, vector del género Lutzomyia y Phlebotomus en el Nuevo y el Viejo mundo respectivamente. Esta enfermedad afecta la piel y en algunos casos produce compromiso mucoso de las cavidades buco y nasofaringeas. Este trabajo describe un estudio prospectivo realizado durante los meses de junio a septiembre de 1998 en la comunidad indigena de Waramasen del Municipio Gran Sabana, donde se observaron 13 pacientes con clínica sugestiva de LTA, encontrándose 9 (70 por ciento) con Leishmaniasis Cutánea Localizada (LCL) y 4 (30 por ciento) con Leishmaniasis Cutánea Intermedia (LCL), entre ellos 2 (15 por ciento) con placas verrugosas y 2 (15 por ciento) con Leishmaniasis Cutanea Mucosa (LCM). En el frotis por escarificado se observó Leishmania en todos los casos, a excepción de las formas mucosas, la descripción histopatológica mostró granuloma por agente vivo con presencia de Leishmania en un 92 por ciento de los casos. El 23 por ciento (3) de los cultivos resultaron positivos y la identificación taxonómica se realizó por PCR especificos que amplifican ADN del parásito y se determinó que corresponden al género Leishmania, especie L.braziliensis en el 100 por ciento de los casos. Este trabajo operacional demostró por primera vez la especie del parásito circulante en esta comunidad indígena, hecho que debe ser tomado en cuenta para establecer medidas de tratamiento y control epidemiológico


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Biopsy , Indium , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/classification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Skin , Venezuela/epidemiology
9.
Dermatol. venez ; 35(4): 137-41, 1997. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-256868

ABSTRACT

La Leishmaniasis es una enfermedad causada por parásitos del género Leishmania, de caracter endémico en Venezuela. En este trabajo se analizan 215 casos en un estudio retrospectivo (1982-1995) de pacientes que asistieron a al consulta en el Instituto de Biomedicina, desde lactantes menores hasta ancianos. Los resultados se comparan de acuerdo a la evolución del paciente tratado con inmunoterapia y/o Glucamine, por grupo de edad, sexo, formas clínicas y dósis administradas. De la muestra total el 51 por ciento corresponde al sexo femenino y 49 por ciento al sexo masculino, de estos el 42 por ciento pertenecen al grupo de adultos (22-59 años), siguiéndole en frecuencia el grupo de niños con un 39 por ciento. Predominan los casos procedentes de la zona Central de Venezuela en un 87 por ciento del total de la muestra. El tiempo promedio de curación de los pacientes tratados con Inmunoterapia fue de 5.3 meses, mientras que con Glucamine fue de 2.5 meses, y en la terapia combinada fue de 9.1 meses. El tiempo de curación con Glucamine fue menor, no obstante la Inmunoterapia constituye el medicamento de elección por sus múltiples ventajas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Drug Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Immunotherapy/statistics & numerical data , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/classification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology
11.
Quito; FCM; 1996. 22 p. ilus, mapas, tab, graf.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-178231

ABSTRACT

An epidemiologic survey was conducted in an area of sutrolical rainforest in Northwest Ecuador with followin objectives; (1) to determine the prevalencie of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), (2) to identify the leishmania species cusing human disease, (3) to investigate the major CL clinical manifestations, (4) to study cellular and humoral inmune response indicators, and (5) to identify risk factors associated with the disease, Half of the 466 subjects had laboratory and clinical evidencie of either current (14 for cent) or piror disease (33 for cent). Subjects with c urrent disease had an average of 2.6+-1.9 lesions with a mean size of 8.4 +-19.4 cms. The parasite species isolated from subject lesions were: Leismania guyanesis (63 for cent. L. panamensis (33 for cent) and L. brazilensis (4 for cent). Subjects with CL exhibited the highest serum IgG an IgM concentrations (p<0.0001). Lesion number (t=2.9, p=0.007) and size (t=3.8, p=0.0004) was predictive or serum IgG levels. The Montenegro skin test induration size was correlated positively with ulcer number (t=2.2, p=0.038). Age<5 yrs (AOR=1.5, 95 for cent C.I.=0.48-2.35), adult male gender (AOR=2.8.95 for centC.I.=1.1-7.8), and wood and/or cane exterior house walls (AOR=1.8,95 for cent CI=1.4-2.5) were associated with an increased for CL. In contrast, electric home lighting was associated with decreased risk (AOR=0.7, 95 for cent CI=0.4-2.3). The results suggest that it may be possible to modify a portion of the risk for CL by making changes in the housing evironment which may help to reduce the amount of contact with the vector...


Subject(s)
Humans , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/classification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/etiology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/history , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/prevention & control , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/therapy , Risk Factors
12.
Arch. med. res ; 25(4): 401-6, 1994. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-198834

ABSTRACT

Mice from the syngeneic strains BALB/c, C57Bl/6 and (BALB/cxC57Bl/6) F1 hybrids (CB6F1) were infected in the fottpad with six different stains of Leishmania mexicana mexicana isolated from Mexican patients. Three Leishmania strains were isolated from patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL, the benign form of the disease and three from patients with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL, the malignant form of the disease). In BALB/c mice, four Leishmania strains showed a sustained fast growth from 4 to 5 weeks postinfection until the end of the experiment (15 weeks), and the other two grew slowly up to 10 or 12 weeks after infection and then started to grow faster. In C57Bl/6 mice four Leismania strains showed a limited to moderate growth up to 6 to 11 weeks postinfection and then started to decrease. One strain showed a moderate growth during the entire experiment and one strain grew as fast as in BLB/c mice up to 11 weeks postinfection and then started to decrease. The CB6F1 hybrid behaved like the C57Bl/6 parent strain with five Leishmania strains but was much more resistant to one Leishmania strain than the C57Bl/6 mice. Sex of the mouse did not influence the outcome of infection. One important purpose of this work was to see if the Leishmania strains that cause DCL are intrinsically more virulent than those that cause the benign form (LCL). Although important variations in virulence among the Leishmania strains were observed, especially in BALB/c mice, they were not correlated with the type of disease caused in humans


Subject(s)
Mice , Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/physiopathology , Leishmania mexicana/pathogenicity , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/classification
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